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View Full Version : Brake Hard and Brake Often, confessions of a "rear braker"


GPTECHMAN
06-02-2004, 05:32 PM
Found this on Bill's board....

by, Robert Redmond


I have been riding motorcycles for most of my life. From the time I was on my first Yamaha 175, to my sporty Honda MB5, to now I have always been one to use all of the available features on a bike. Which brings me to the topic of this article.

Having always used the rear brake in conjunction with the front of course, I just assumed everybody used both. It seemed natural to me. In 1995 my opinion started to change - I took the MSF Basic Rider class with my girlfriend of that era. Since I had already been riding for more than 10 years, I assumed I would get nothing out of it skills-wise than just my normal practice drills I did on my own. Since I know all of you reading this have taken the MSF course, I don't need to go over it right? Well I know a few of you that haven't done it so bear with me if you have. First, you should go do it even if you think you're a hot shot - you will learn. I digress.

As our classroom sessions ended our riding sessions began. MSF covers a number of survival skills and drills designed to keep you alive. One of the most interesting of these drills are the braking drills. Mounted up on 125cc Honda's with a blistering 40MPH top speed we worked on the braking drills. It was during these drills I took notice of my classmates. Most were new riders and a few seasoned like myself mostly there to avoid having to take the lame DMV skills test.

Many students were genuinely scared to use FRONT brake. Relying heavily on the rear and coming to the understanding that the bike would fish tail nicely under heavy rear-brake only action. As class wore on and skills from my fellow students improved we finally made it to the actual "rear-brake" drill. This involved getting the bike to speed (30mph) and using only the rear brake to the point of lock up and skid! I thought this was a fun idea. When my turn came I realized that I couldn't lock up the rear. My braking instincts / habits were wired that lock-up is baaaddd. Front brake goooooood. Holy crap why couldn't I do this? I have been using the rear brake in my daily riding for years. On my third attempt I finally completed the drill successfully. I parked and noticed my fellow students talking about the experience and saying things like " I never want that to happen to me when I'm riding". Some of these people were shook up about what just happened. The drill was intended to help you cope with a locked rear and not end up on your head after from a high-side. Most students said the best way to cope with a locked rear is to not use it at all - no chance of a lock-up.

Well fast-forward to 2000 and I'm at my first open track day at Sears Point... err Infineon. The weather was overcast and cool but I'm only thinking about how I'm going to crap my pants on the track because I'm not worthy. Well I managed some sighting laps and felt okay. The track was open and I ventured out. As many newbie track riders I rode a street pace around the track and tried to stay out of everyone's way. I began to pick-up speed as the day wore on and I found myself going deeper and deeper into corners. As I came down from 100MPH into turn 11 ( last corner before the front straight and a hairpin too) I found myself using the brakes harder and harder. Using both front and rear as I always have. Several laps into the afternoon session I found myself running into T11 too hot and exiting way to wide... then it happened - No I didn't crash. As I was beginning to apex T11 I added a tiny bit of rear brake to try to slow down just a tick. What happened next was very interesting... I didn't really slow much if at all but my line tightened up dramatically. I practiced this technique for the remainder of the day. I was happy to have learned something new and not ended up on my head.

After the day was done I chatted with some of my fellow riders on the experiences of the day. When I shared what I was doing, it took the conversation in a whole different direction. "Dude - I never touch that thing", "I'm scared of the rear brake" and " it doesn't do that much" were some of the responses I got. Curious, were some of these riders refugees of the MSF course? Did they scare themselves into not using the rear brake?

Now that I have done dozens of track days and talked with hundreds of riders my informal poll and obsession with the rear brake is coming to a head. It seems in my non-scientific anecdotal polls that 95% of track riders don't use the rear brake. Of those riders maybe 10% say they use it on the street. So that leaves 5% of the riders that do use the rear brake on the track (and street). It seems that RB (rear brake) use even by racers is an advanced technique.

Many of the "fast guys" use it to "set" the bike in certain corners or maybe cresting a hill to keep the front wheel down. So what does "setting the bike" mean anyway? Well it seems that what I was doing back in 2000 at Sears Point was "setting the bike". Using the rear brake to control rear suspension compression, thereby maintaining rear ride height and allowing a more aggressive angle or attack with the chassis, which causes the motorcycle to tighten it's line in a corner or maintain front wheel contact cresting a rise in the track. An example is coming into a decreasing radius corner where a bit of rear brake will effectively make the motorcycle turn tighter. Many would argue this same result can be achieved by additional input through counter-steering but it can only help to know more than one technique.

How about "backing it in"? Well if you have watched MotoGp or Superbike racing with any regularity you have seen the likes of Val Rossi, Nicky Hayden and Ben Bostrom using this technique. Basically braking the rear tire to the point of near lock-up, sliding and thereby turning the rear of the motorcycle. This technique is done by rear braking. But not all rear braking is the same. Some of these riders use the clutch (yes the clutch) to rear brake. This is achieved by downshifting the engine far enough so the revs are much higher than road speed would allow and then feeding the clutch out as to not lock the rear wheel. I've seen Jason Pridmore demo this at STAR School, It's very impressive. As he feeds the clutch you can hear the rear tire squeal. Other riders may use the rear brake itself or even a combination of clutch and brake depending on the corner and conditions.

One of the most famous rear brakers is Mick Doohan, 5 Time GP champ and Honda rider. You see in 1992 at the famed Assen Circuit Mick injured his ankle in a high speed crash. His right ankle mangled and ultimately pretty unusable. They fused it together and Mick was back racing. In 1993 he came up with an idea that was sheer genius. Since his right foot was toast he suggested to Honda engineers that they create a thumb operated rear brake, They did and the rest is history. 5 GP500 World Championships in a row from 1994 to 1998. So the thumb brake was born.

The thumb brake has become common place on many factory race machines. Ben Bostrom and Migel DuHamel have used them this season as well as several MotoGP riders in GP1 and 250cc classes. So this begs the question: Can the everyday guy use a thumb brake and get his monies worth? We will find out in part two of this article. Wish me luck.

GetnJgyWitit
06-02-2004, 06:17 PM
Nice read, make sure to post up article two!

blndweasel
06-02-2004, 06:23 PM
That's a great article, did you see the second half of it anywhere?

I've always maintained that the rear brake is a useful tool that ought not be ignored. My MSF instructor was keen enough to use proper wording when introducing the rear brake: using it improperly *can* be dangerous... but why work with only one tool when you have two at your disposal?

Something folks forget to do is bleed their brakes often. I bought my bike new and after only 2000 miles it had a considerable amount of air and rubber contamination. Bled it and simply couldn't believe the results!

the blonde weasel

Ikazuchi
06-02-2004, 06:54 PM
Hehe...I wore down my rear pads before my front...Bryant was shocked when I changed them out.

I feel so much more planted when I use both brakes well... coming from cars, I was taught early about the dangers of unbalancing the suspension and tires (also why I hate going down the tight side of Palomar)... using the rear brake keeps the bike settled better and takes advantage of that contact patch in the rear...and you won't risk overloading the front tire.

Good read Sean!

Erlend
06-02-2004, 07:51 PM
Same here.

I rode my FZR around today and noticed that the rear brake is SO bad on that thing. I need to go get my pads changed asap. I don't feel at home on the bike without using that rear brake to slow me down or to keep the bike more stabil.

E

cbrsmurf
06-03-2004, 01:00 AM
But how do you depress the brake pedal when the ball of your foot is on the peg? Lift up your foot and move it forward?

YuJinha
06-03-2004, 02:14 AM
Originally posted by cbrsmurf
But how do you depress the brake pedal when the ball of your foot is on the peg? Lift up your foot and move it forward?

Yes.

And my rear brake... I can't get it to lock up for the life of me. It might as well not be there cuz for some reason, the rear brakes on Duc's are just not the happein' thing. I was pushing almost as hard as I could on the rear brake without causing my bike to fall over to the side just to confirm and well, suffice to say, I can hardly get my bike to slow down at all using just the rear.

But who knows, maybe that's a good thing after reading this article up at Pally with those oh so dangerous decreasing radius turns. I guess now I'm gonna have to try that rear brake move to get the bike to "tighten up". But with such a weak brake to begin with, I guess my amatur a55/iron foot, (I used to lock up my rear a lot on my R6 at those sudden changing lights) I won't have to worry so much about it locking up and me having to pull some motard craziness.

GPTECHMAN
06-03-2004, 04:37 AM
not so sure that palomar is the place to be trying this out???

Ikazuchi
06-03-2004, 10:53 AM
Originally posted by GPTECHMAN
not so sure that palomar is the place to be trying this out???

yeah...you screw this up and you're off the side of the mountain.

go to the track

blndweasel
06-03-2004, 10:59 AM
About using the brake pedal while the ball of your foot is on the peg... that's gonna be real tough unless you have some weird ass lookin feet! I just ended up re-training myself to ride with my weight focused on the arch of my foot. I have a pair of Alpinestars SMX boots, and they have enough of a heel that the peg sits nicely in the arch area, butted up against that heel edge. It took quite a bit of getting used to, but I'm able to transfer just at much weight to the pegs now with weight on my arches as I was with weight on the balls of the feet.

Of course this depends on the bike, the boot, the rider, to name a few. And I'm only doing this with my braking foot... my left foot is still perched on it's ball... so that my be weird to some people. But the benefits of rear braking for attitude control are just too great to sacrifice altogether, IMHO.

For those of you with weak rear brakes... how often have you bled the lines? Sometimes it's not the pads...

the blonde weasel

YuJinha
06-03-2004, 11:56 PM
Originally posted by blndweasel
For those of you with weak rear brakes... how often have you bled the lines? Sometimes it's not the pads...

the blonde weasel

Yeah, I was thinkin that after I read your first post with only 2k on your bike. I've got something like 1500 mi on mine and wasn't planning on bleeding that ish until 3k but then again, maybe I should and see if it helps.

Philo
06-04-2004, 12:56 AM
My contribution..........a shrug and carpal tunnel

From: Sport Riding Techniques, by Nick Ienatsch

Coming to terms with the rear brake

Ah yes, the rear brake. The obvious problem in using the rear brake is weight transfer, right? As the front brake is applied, the bike transfers weight forward onto the front tire and off the rear tire. With less weight on the rear tire, the rear brake becomes increasingly touchy and prone to locking. On the most aggressively designed sport bikes, the rear tire can actually leave the ground under hard braking, and you can guess how much pedal pressure it then takes to lock that rear brake: almost none. It's clear why many riders never touch the rear brake.
But studies prove that a combination of front and rear braking will stop a bike more quickly and in less distance than just using the front brake. Many riders have found that applying the rear brake nanoseconds before the front brake helps settle the bike because the rear suspension isn't so likely to rebound, a trait that helps reduce the forward weight transfer. Because they have longer wheelbases and can be used to carry passengers, many non-sport bikes have extremely usable rear brake systems. So from a functional point of view, it's a good idea to educate your right foot on the pedal.

Test it yourself

Get your motorcycle and a friend together to try this experiment to illustrate the rear brake’s stabilizing effect. Set the bike’s rebound at the softest damping setting possible, and then bounce the rear of the bike while your buddy holds the handlebar. Do it a few times to get an idea of how quickly the rear rebounds upward after you shove on it. Now have your friend apply the rear brake when the rear suspension is being bottomed with your push. If he applies the rear brake at the instant the rear suspension is at the maximum compression, you’ll notice the rear rebounds more slowly due to the brake’s torque reaction against the swingarm and chassis. The application of the rear brake, the caliper clamping the disc, slows the rear shock’s rebound as the weight transfers forward by compressing the fork. I know plenty of riders who use the rear brake only for this reaction because it increases control under braking and lessens the abruptness of front-end dive.

Use it, but lightly

The big trouble comes when riders stomp on the rear brake as if it’s a car brake pedal. This stomp often comes at the entrance of a corner, when a rider’s overwhelmed brain decides the bike is going too fast. The result is a single black line leading off the pavement, and another story about “running her in there too hot.” Too bad, because a soft touch on that rear brake is a great way to shed speed at a corner entrance – and it’s an especially great way to adjust speed mid-corner.
That’s right, correctly using the rear brake mid-corner is a great way to scrub speed safely. A touch of rear brake slows the bike well without throwing the weight forward, which would happen if you squeezed the front brake lever. Weight will transfer forward even when using the rear brake, but the fork compression and tire loading will be decidedly different, and safer. This light touch on the rear brake helps drop the bike into the corner – but I emphasize that finesse is needed from the right boot.
In the years I’ve tested and raced bikes, there have been several times when I couldn’t use the rear brake. Once it was because the builder of the bike had fitted a carbon-fiber rear brake disc just for looks and hadn’t bothered to make the rear binder functional. Once a flubbed endurance-race pit stop left me with no rear brake pads, while another instance involved a misaligned rear caliper and forced the caliper into the disc. In every instance, I felt out of control under hard braking because the rear end seemed to wag like a dog’s tail as the fork compressed. It was as if the entire motorcycle was balanced on its nose, and I was hesitant turning the bike into the corner because of the fuzzy traction information coming from the rear. When trail-braking into the corner, I found myself missing the comfort of that rear brake and the extra chassis control it afforded. My riding style had adapted to using the rear brake, and when it was missing, I felt its loss.
I kept my rear-brake fondness to myself until a conversation one day with a noted roadracing tuner Scotty Beach. While discussing technology, I admitted being hooked on my rear brake. Beach nodded and told me about a little experiment he did with racer Kurt Hall. Kurt is retired now, but you will never forget him if you happened to see him win all three Suzuki Cup races at the WERA Grand National endurance and sprint racing triumphs, and his expertise makes Beach’s experiment that much more interesting. One day Beach was touting the pluses of using the rear brake, and Hall, a racer who never used his right foot for anything but balancing on the foot peg, finally gave in and began experimenting with it. As his right-foot skill improved, his lap times tumbled. From that day on, Hall has used his rear brake. No matter what they say, most of the fastest roadracers in the world use that rear binder. Mick Doohan, the five-time 500GP world champion, even developed a thumb brake when his right ankle was immobile. If the rear brake is no big deal, why did Honda design a thumb brake for Mick?




Levering the ratios

It pays to take some steps to optimize your bike’s rear brake, since the engineers couldn’t personally fit it to you. First of all, lower the rear brake pedal in relationship to the right foot peg so your ankle will be closer to maximum extension. This position will reduce the leverage and strength of your ankle, putting less pressure on the brake pedal. But be careful not to adjust the brake pedal too low, or it may drag on the ground during cornering. And don’t forget to adjust your brake light switch as well.
If rear brake lock-up continues to be a problem after you’ve adjusted the pedal, you can consider reducing the mechanical efficiency of the rear brake pads by reducing their swept area, which means the amount of brake rotor area being acted upon by the brake pads. To do so, you can either reduce the amount of disc the pads squeeze or reduce the amount of pad material in the calipers. Teams racing in AMA Supersport competition machine huge holds in their rear discs, or cut away pad material. If this sounds a bit too complicated for you, have a shop do the work. If you’ve got the money to buy a smaller caliper or a smaller caliper/rotor combination, this is a case where less is definitely better. Whether you reduce the disc’s swept area or the size of the brake pads, the rear brake will be less touchy and more useable. Remember, for our sport riding purposes, the rear brake isn’t primarily for stopping, it’s more for making minute speed corrections and adding stability. If it locks, it’s worthless.




Rear brake drag

There is an alternative to closing the throttle to tighten your cornering line, and that’s dragging the rear brake. This racetrack technique is especially easy in left-hand corners due to the placement of the brake pedal, and is the reason why thumb-operated rear brakes have been appearing on race bikes over the past few years. The problem with closing the throttle mid-corner on the racetrack is that you’re often much nearer the traction limit than you would be on the street, and closing the throttle transfers weight onto the front tire, a front tire that might not be able to handle it. Instead, racers have learned to leave the throttle steady and drag a bit of rear brake. That said, let’s be clear that using the brakes and throttle at the same time is a track skill that simply isn’t a part of street riding. If you want to pick up the throttle, you should first be off the brakes, and if you want to squeeze the brakes, you should first close the throttle. But a little dab of rear brake will help steer the bike into the corner.

Ikazuchi
06-04-2004, 10:58 AM
Originally posted by Philo
But a little dab of rear brake will help steer the bike into the corner.

Realize the difference between a "dab" and a "stab" of the rear brake. Too much, the back locks and you're going down...

Careful resorting to this technique in a panic situation.

Philo
06-04-2004, 11:02 AM
I found it really helpful to do what he said and adjust my rear brake. I have to practically stand on it to lock it up now. It still works and I find I use it more often with little fear of it locking, but my foot is pretty far down to get it to bite.

melonheadR6
06-04-2004, 04:28 PM
Originally posted by Philo
I found it really helpful to do what he said and adjust my rear brake. I have to practically stand on it to lock it up now. It still works and I find I use it more often with little fear of it locking, but my foot is pretty far down to get it to bite.


hmm i need to do that too bill, i locked up a few times and decided never to use that thing again. maybe some parking lot time will help that fear...

DongTran
08-23-2004, 02:24 AM
I use my rear brake waaaaaaay too much. Lock that ***** up all the time...

Lost
08-24-2004, 12:18 AM
Not for me! I used to use the back brake ALL the time on my dirtbikes but im just not good enough for me to be spending time trying to do this. I got other things to concentrate on for now.I might find this a useful exercise is a year or three when i can actually ride above a snails pace. I do use the clutch is some situations tho..

hans
08-24-2004, 06:58 PM
yeah I don't think Palomar is the place to practice this. Especially not when you're going downhill, when your rear end is already somewhat unloaded.

remember, the harder you hit the front brake, the LESS you can use the rear brake, or it will lock up

I only use the rear brake to "set up" the bike so that it doesn't dive as suddenly.